Scientific Studies and Resources

Vitamin C [non-liposomal] bioavailability decreases with dose size
As dose size increases, bioavailabiity decreases dramatically. The authors express this finding by stating that 98% of a 20 mg oral dose of [non-liposome-encapsulated] vitamin C is bioavailable (enters the bloodstream) whereas only 16% of a 12,000 mg dose does so.

Based on previous recommended daily allowance (RDA) studies by the National Institutes of Health, author suggests that a 200 mg daily intake of vitamin C is sufficient to provide tissue saturation. By implication, any additional vitamin C would not be used or bioavailable. He does also suggest that smokers and those in disease states may have a higher requirement for vitamin C. [NOTE: Hickey & Roberts (2004) debunk the flawed nature of these NIH studies]

Liposomes can be used to effectively deliver therapeutic agents particular cell types (mononuclear phagocytic system, particularly macrophages). These cells are of particular importance in the immune system.

Levine M, Conry-Cantilena C, Wang Y, Welch RW, Washko PW, Dhariwal KR, Park JB, Lazarev A, Graumlich JF, King J, Cantilena LR. (1996), “Vitamin C pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: evidence for a recommended dietary allowance,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Apr 16;93(8):3704-9..

Authors report very rapid decline in bioavailability [of non-liposome-encapsulated Vitamin C] with dose size. The “steep portion of the curve” starts between 30 mg and 100 mg of daily dose. Based on their findings, they suggest that “Vitamin C daily doses above 400 mg have no evident value.” This conclusion is based on the faulty presupposition that the appearance of Vitamin C in the urine indicates all bodily tissues are saturated and the body requires no additional Vitamin C. This assumption is clearly refuted by Hickey, et al. in his book Ascorbate: The Science of Vitamin C referenced above.

Mitsopoulos P, Suntres ZE, (2011), “Protective Effects of Liposomal N-Acetylcysteine against Paraquat-Induced Cytotoxicity and Gene Expression,” J Toxicol.

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was encapsulated in liposomes and administered as a treatment for paraquat poisoning. Pretreatment with this liposomal NAC was found to be more effective than conventional drugs in reducing the effects of paraquat poisoning.

Liposomes were used to deliver peptides agents which normally break down in the stomach. Bioavailability in some tests improved by 460%.

Oral consumption of Setria®️ Glutathione may help to support skin elasticity in healthy women.

Supplementation with Lypo-Spheric^® Vitamin C helped to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles in as little as four weeks.

Scientists administered Magtein®️ to adults with cognitive decline helped to improve magnesium levels in the body and support cognitive function.

Qifeng, Sun et. al. Regulation of structural and functional synapse density by L-threonate through modulation of intraneuronal magnesium concentration. Neuropharmacology. 2016;108:426–439.

Scientists examined the mechanisms of the l-threonate component of Magtein®️ to discover why it can raise magnesium levels in the brain.